A3243G
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A-Z
Amino Acids
Proteins are made up of Amino Acids.
There are just 20 Amino Acids, which are combined in endless ways to
produce any of tens of thousands of different proteins.
Humans have 45,000 different known proteins, (44,996 at the last count).
The Amino Acids are :
|
Name |
Abbreviation |
Notes |
| Lysine |
Lys or K |
Hydrophilic, Basic. |
| Arginine |
Arg or R |
Hydrophilic, Basic. |
| Histidine |
His or H |
Hydrophilic, Basic. |
| Serine |
Ser or S |
Hydrophilic, Polar. |
| Threonine |
Thr or T |
Hydrophilic, Polar. |
| Asparagine |
Asn or N |
Hydrophilic, Polar. |
| Glutamine |
Gln or Q |
Hydrophilic, Polar. |
| Aspartic Acid |
Asp or D |
Hydrophilic, Acidic. |
| Glutamic Acid |
Glu or E |
Hydrophilic, Acidic. |
| Alanine |
Ala or A |
Hydrophobic. |
| Valine |
Val or V |
Hydrophobic. |
| Isoleucine |
Ile or I |
Hydrophobic. |
| Leucine |
Leu or L |
Hydrophobic. |
| Methionine |
Met or M |
Hydrophobic. |
| Phenylalanine |
Phe or F |
Hydrophobic. |
| Tyrosine |
Tyr or Y |
Hydrophobic. |
| Tryptophan |
Trp or W |
Hydrophobic. |
| Cystein |
Cys or C |
Special. |
| Glysine |
Gly or G |
Special. |
| Proline |
Pro or P |
Special. |
Hydrophilic amino acids "like" water and tend to be on the surface of proteins where they
are in contact with the water inside the cell. They make proteins soluble in
water.
Hydrophobic amino acids "dis-like" water and tend to be on the inside of proteins where they
aggregate with other hydrophobic amino acids.
Basic are the opposite of Acidic.
Two Cystein amino acids, (perhaps in completely different sections of the
protein), can create strong di-sulphide bonds with each other, which make
strong bonds - to either join proteins together or hold a protein in the correct
shape.
Glysine is the smallest amino acid, allowing it to fit into tight places
inside a folded protein.
Proline has a cyclic ring which makes it's shape very rigid.
See Also
Author: Andy Collinson.
Although I don't have any medical qualifications,
as a sufferer of Diabetes, Deafness and Tinnitus caused by the A3243G mtDNA defect,
I do have a very keen interest in the subject.
Date Page Updated:
25 April 2005
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